Seerah of Prophet Muhammad 104 - The 1st Rightful Khalifah of Islam Part 2: Election of Abu Bakr ~ Dr. Yasir Qadhi
Seerah 104 - The 1st Rightful Khalifah of Islam Part 2: Election of Abu Bakr ~ Dr. Yasir Qadhi
Recap
so many breaks that were unexpected because of the cold front and whatnot Insha’Allah finally al alhamdulillah coming back I think after one month how long has it been more than a month one month one month four weeks break I think right we had so no what so it is a four week break now we're coming back after that this is the fifth week to be very pedantic about it so a bit so four week break as I said alhamdulillah and we are now resuming our session and some people have suggested I should not call this seerah anymore and this is a valid point because of course the seerah is now over nonetheless what we're discussing today is related to the death of the Prophet PBUH and it is of course the election of the Khalifa Abu Bakr Siddiq radiyaallahu ta'ala an and as every single Muslim is very intimately aware this is where the theological divide begins between Sunnism and Shiaism this is really where it all begins so today's lecture is not just historical it is also theological today's lecture is not just historical it is also theological because we believe and this is the difference between Sunnism and Shiaism we believe that Abu Bakr Siddiq radiyaallahu anhu was the person who was the most suitable to be the khalifa and this is a religious matter and not just a political matter and of course the other group disagrees with this
How was Abu Bakr Siddiq Chosen?
so the question arises and so today we're going to do a little bit about this issue it's not going to be that detailed because this is not a class of Sunnism and versus Shiaism and I'm not going to give you the Shia evidences why not that's a separate class I have spoken about this in other seminars not in this historical but you cannot talk about the election of a walker without at least giving some indications of the theological differences as well so the question that arises is how was Abu Bakr Siddiq chosen what was the methodology of his choosing there are three opinions if you like about this issue within Sunni Islam the first of them is that the Sahaba amongst themselves decided to choose Abu Bakr Siddiq there's nothing from the Prophet PBUH whatsoever and this some have said this is the majority opinion IBN Tamiya also seems to some in some writings linked to this opinion that the Sahaba amongst themselves thought and talked and then they chose Abu Bakr the second opinion and this is narrated from Al Hasan a busri in others is that the Prophet PBUH indirectly indicated that Abu Bakr should be the Khalifa indirectly indicated not directly and neither was there nothing which is the first opinion and uh well let me be precise the first tip in does not say there was nothing the first opinion says no doubt the Prophet said that Abu Bakr was the best in terms of his father in terms of his status but the first opinion would say the prophet PBUH did not indicate who should be the political leader after him right all of Sunni Islam agrees that Abu Bakr al Siddiq is the best Sahabi amongst all of the Sahaba right so the difference comes how was he chosen to be the Khalifa some group will say the Sahaba realized he was the best so they chose him to be the Haditha the second opinion says the Prophet PBUH subtly indicated that he should be the Khalifa and then Hassan Basri and others indicate held this position that there's nothing explicit but neither is it neutral rather there's hints assurance that Abu Bakr should be the Khalifa and the third opinion is what's left now the prophet PBUH not clearly said and this opinion has also been hinted at by some of the earlier authorities and it is also the position of the famous and dilution scholar ibn Hazam's that the prophet PBUH I said I'm explicitly commanded the Sahaba it's a command right and this is an exact contrary distinction to the Shia a theology which is that he commanded Ali to be the Khalifa that's the Shia theology and even has them and others say no the exact opposite he commanded Abu Bakr to be the Khalifa right and this is a minority opinion minority opinion and frankly I did some research today I could not find another name other than it has 'm it has been narrated you find it that some people said who are these people I could not find anybody other than it has it may be there other people that I've been saying this is a very small minority opinion that the prophet PBUH explicitly commanded the Sahaba that for example when I die the Khalifa should be above a colossal deal this is not the majority opinion the majority opinion is between one and two the majority opinion is between one and two and
frankly the two opinions are not mutually exclusive 1 & 2 1 & 2 are not mutually exclusive is that clear in other words both of them are valid because the first group what is it saying they the first group is saying that the hadith about Abu Bakr just mentioned how great of a person he is and he's the greatest but then isn't that an indication as well that that he should be the leader right so therefore in my opinion really the first and the second opinions are really the same opinion which is that the prophet PBUH did not explicitly say Abu Bakr should be the khalifa but there were enough indications that the Sahaba therefore understood who should be the Khalifa so you can kind of combine between the two opinions and make it into one opinion and Allah Azza WA JAL knows best and interestingly enough as time went by many Ridhima and many scholars of tafseer and many theologians attempted to derive Quranic evidences for the Khilafah of Abu Bakar believe it or not they attempted to derive Quranic evidences for the Khalifa of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radiyaallahu on so much so that the famous Shankly who is the author of albion he actually derived a little bit of an advanced convoluted evidence from “al hamdu lillahi rabbil alameen” from the first verse of the Quran he kept on going going to he basically got to the conclusion that and this verse also indicates the Khilafa of Abu Bakr so I mean there are all of these things but there are some verses that are perhaps a little bit perhaps more indicative than others of them of course is the verse that talks about Abu Bakar that is the is the what second in the cave right so what is the how how can this be used to derive Abu Bakr should be the Khalifa so they say if he is the second of the two then when the first one is missing who is left Abu Bakar right so Allah says he is the second of the two so logically speaking when the first is not there the second must come and stand in his place right so when Allah Subhana WA Ta'ala explicitly calls him Second in the cave this indicates therefore that when the number one is not there and is missing passed away number two will take that place and frankly that's not a bad evidence okay it's actually somewhat of a good evidence here that when Allah says Abu Bakar is the second of the two therefore when number one is not there number two then gets into the place
what Does Khalifa Means
and in fact linguistically what does Khalifa mean linguistically Khalifa means the one who has been appointed to be in charge of so Khalafa means to take over when the person leaves so when somebody leaves then the khalifa comes so when Allah said Abu Bakar second in the cave name then in fact this makes him kind of the khalifa because Khalifa me is when the one goes so the number two comes in therefore this is one opinion sorry one ayah another ayah that is used in surah at-taubah verse 100 where Allah says those who are the earliest who raised to convert to Islam from the Muhajiroun and the ansar and those who came after them so in this verse Allah Subhana WA Ta'ala is basically indicating that the earliest converts are the best and they are in order after the Prophet PBUH so after the Prophet PBUH who do you have the earliest of the batches who raced from and then even there's a 30 why'd you run then answer so who is the first adult convert of the Muhajiroun Abu Bakar Siddiq right so Allah Subhana wa ta'ala therefore is also indicating according to this interpretation that Abu Bakr Siddiq should be should be in charge after the process of now these are the two verses that in my opinion have at least in my opinion some it makes some sense there are at least seven eight others that are given that frankly I don't find much substance and it seems more imaginative such as that Alhamdulillah I Rabil alameen but I mean he goes through here and there until the guest is I don't see this as being direct but these two I think they have some semblance of authenticity that yes indeed the Quran is praising Abu Bakr indirectly or directly in the first verse and from this you can somewhat extract the theological point that Abu Bakr Siddiq is the most qualified okay so the Quran does seem to have some indication
Ahadith which indicate Abu Bakr’s Status
as for the hadith there are so many a hadith about the blessings of a Bakr we can give an entire lecture or two just about those a hadith but I just want to mention three or four that indicate that Abu Bakr al Siddiq clearly has a status that the other Sahaba do not have even when it comes to issues of standing instead of our in place of the Prophet PBUH i.e. the Khalifa of the Prophet system because again what does Khalifa mean Khalifa means you’re standing in place of somebody else so what are some of these a hadith of the most authentic of and the most explicit is a hadith Sahih Bukhari itself that the Prophet system is seeing a dream so he is predicting the future by seeing this dream and he is saying while I was sleeping I saw in a dream that I was standing next to a well and I pulled from this well as long as Allah willed that I pull so he is now pulling water then Abu Bakr came and he pulled a bucket or two and in his pulling was some weakness it wasn't as strongest mine there was some weakness in it then Umar even a hot table came and the bucket became a and the Arabic word is used which basically means a much larger so they have different in English we have bucket with a small bucket medium bucket large bucket in Arabic obviously when you're drawing water from a well you have so many different nouns to describe the size of the bucket and the first word used is “Delu” and it is basically a small canister then the next word is user Omar came and it became basically the much bigger bucket the much bigger one that is used for watering camels or something and so it transformed to this one and the Prophet SAW said I have never seen an abkari like Omar working with the bucket I like anybody else an Abkari of course in modern Arabic means genius but in classical Arabic it meant something above and beyond what is natural supernatural or above normal so the Prophet PBUH called by the way for the Arabs here the Prophet PBUH called Umar an Abkari ok he called Umar an Abkari an Abkari but it means more than regular ok more than what not
The Era of Umar Ibn e Khattab
so the Prophet PBUH said I never saw anyone like Umar in the dream obviously pulling the water out of the well so much so that the people returned with their camels to the camel pens and of hadith meaning so much water was given not only did the people drink the camels drank and they drank all the way to their full and the camels then went back to go to sleep ok so this hadith is in Sahih Bukhari and the symbolism is obvious it's beautiful it's profound it's obvious the Prophet PBUH is saying that after I went away after I left Abubakar took over and he continued my job for a year or two because he was only there for a year or two for a bucket or two right for a year or two he continued and there was some jerkiness some it wasn't as smooth why not it's not Abu Bakr’s fault things happen in his Khilafa that it wasn't as smooth because what happened in his Khilafa the whole Ummah fractured up right the Ummah is about to collapse and Allah saved it through Abubaker so this is now it wasn't as smooth it's not that Abu Bakr is problematic is that there are things happening but he manages to continue the flow no matter what happened he's still continuing the flow and this is what we believe that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq salvaged by the blessings of Allah he healed the wounded ummah and were it not for Allah and then Allah is choosing a Abu Bakar the ummah would have splintered up and that said Islam would not be what it is today so Abu Bakar managed to continue and he was needed for Omar to come because if everyone had come at that time and he tried to do it that fast it would have broken the rope would have broken wouldn't have lasted you needed Abu Bakr to just continue the flow once the flow was back to normal Omar comes in and then he takes the flow and he turns it into a river
basically right Hadith doesn't say river by the way don't misunderstand me I'm just trying to say the hadith says that the small bucket becomes the massive bucket and everybody any when their camels drink meaning what what's the symbolism here the conquest of the Ummah and it is amazing in our 14 centuries of Khilafa fourteen centuries of Islamic history the conquests of Omar remain unparalleled I mean honestly think about it when our technology our money our weapon was nothing Umar’s time he managed to do what no other khalifa has ever done and it is really mind-boggling if you understand history and what not and you understand the status the military status of the Arabs versus the military status of the romans and the Persians to completely decimate the Sassanid Persian empire wipe it off the map of history the Roman Empire could not harm the Persian Empire for 350 years in fact the Persian Empire usually was stronger than the Roman Empire and yet here comes a bunch of Arabs uneducated could not read and write they don't have weapons they don't have military training they don't even have the horses and the regiments that the other troops have they don't have the armor they don't have them nothing is there and for them to come out of nowhere and completely wipe off the Persians from the face of this earth as if they never existed well lie to this day historians are scratching their heads like how could we explain this and of course they have their theories but of course we know the real story and that is that he tore the letter up of the Prophet PBUH and the Prophet PBUH said Allah will tear your kingdom up like you tore my let her up and that's exactly what happened barely ten years after the Prophet PBUH said this Khalas their kingdom was gone on the hands of Umar and the
Roman Empire around half of it was carved up the jewel of the Roman Empire Damascus for us Damascus is associated with of course the Omeyas and the and the Muslims realized before Omar conquered it Damascus was the jewel of the Roman Empire it was on the on the route of the Silk Road the Silk Road pretty much ended in Damascus starting in China all the way to Damascus and then it moved on to the other lands this was one of the most important cities of the Roman civilization and of course Balad the sham Jerusalem all of this and it was of course in the time of America table that all of this was conquered and so all of this conquering this is the well becoming that River and everybody's drinking the water is so much the power there is a is just coming everywhere and the Umar is still benefitting to this day from the conquests of Umar R.A so this dream clearly indicates what does it indicate that when I leave Abubakar will take charge when Abu Bakr leaves armor will take charge okay even though the hadith does not mention the Khilafa but it is understood other
Another Hadith Indicating Khalafa of Abu Bakr
a hadith also in sahih Bukhari a woman came asking for some money some help some financial aid and the Prophet PBUH said I don't have anything now but come back on such-and-such time you'll get it so basically nothing now but come back and I promise you'll have it so the lady is desperate she wants the money she says Prophet PBUH what if I come back and you're not here meaning what if I don't find you she didn't mean if you're dead she meant what if you're not here what should I do then so the Prophet PBUH said if you do not find me then go to Abu Bakr of course the context of the hadith is one thing but the wording is much broader and Hajar comments on this hadith and he said this is an evidence that the Khilafah was to be given to Abu Bakr after the death of the Prophet PBUH Allah if you do not find me then go to Abu Bakr now the context indicates or the context tells us this is about money the woman wants money what if she can't find the Prophet PBUH the Prophet PBUH said go find Abu Bakr he'll give you the money that's the context but the wording is so broad that the Prophet PBUH is saying in any case you do not find me there is a person that will do what I want him to do and that is Abu Bakr Siddiq and therefore this is another hadith as well and there is yet and this is in Behati as well and
Yet Another Hadith Indicating Khalafa
there's yet another hadith as well that the Prophet PBUH said in a nativity he said follow those who will come after me Abu Bakr and Umar so he mentioned to by name follow those who will come after me Abu Bakr and Omar and this hadith is in Tirmizi and there's also the famous hadith in Sahih Muslim that Abu Hurairah was sitting with the Prophet PBUH and in the garden and the there was a knock on the door and when were genius Bilal 1 vs Abu Hurairah and the prophet that go see who it is and then whoever it is tell him that Allah gives him glad tidings of Jenna so it was Abubaker and then Umar and then Usman and each one is the same thing and then what is Usman the Prophet PBUH and I’m said to tell either Abu Hurairah go tell Usman man that he will get Jannah after some problems he'll face in this world some issues he'll face but he'll then get to Jannah so again you have this indication Abu Bakr Umar Usman all three went after the other this Hadis distance Sahih Muslim it's another prediction and this is also when it is narrated that the Prophet PBUH was sitting in the well and he was sitting with his feet inside the well Abu Bakr came Omar came and the well is now full so Usman could not find place to sit on the well he sat behind them ok so once again there's an indication that the time of glory really will be overcomers time Usman will have some issues which is what happened this time of the fitna and the beginnings of the fitna in his time and we also have the hadith in Sunnah Abi Dawood where the Prophet PBUH after fajar he would ask the Sahaba have any of you seen any dream so one of the Sahaba said I saw a dream last night he said and this is a dream from a Sahabi not a dream from the processor but the fact that it was said to the Prophet PBUH in his presence and he was silent indicates that this is a dream from Allah because that clear because a part of the hadith and a part of the Sunnah is whatever is said to the Prophet PBUH we're done in his presence it automatically gets becomes a hadith as long as he's quiet about it so the
Dream of A Sahabi R.A
Sahabi said that I saw a dream that a meezan the scales came down from the heavens and you Prophet PBUH were weighed against Abu Bakr and you were heavier than Abu Bakr then Abu Bakr was weighed against Umar and Abu Bakr was heavier than Umar then Omar was weighed against Usman and Umar was heavier than Usman then the meezan was lifted up now this hadith once again indicates specific 30 specific order I'll buck aroma of man and that is exactly what happened so this is also a prediction and all of these are indirect indications and of course for Sunni Islam the strongest indication that Abu Bakr should be the Khalifa is in fact what the Salah that the Prophet PBUH commanded him to lead when he was sick for how many days remind me how many days three days and nights when the prophet was alive on his deathbed Abu Bakr Siddiq was commanded to lead the Salah and so much so that when Omar well the first time came the Prophet SAW said him on his deathbed sweating feverish barely conscious in and out of consciousness he became irritated with Aisha and others and he said stop him and get Abu Bakr for Allah and His Messenger will not allow anybody other than Abu Bakr this is a very strict this is not just who's going to be the Imam because had that been the case what's wrong with anybody leading but there's an indication wanting to be given I want to demonstrate for you something and that is who is going to be in charge after me and the hadith is very explicit for Allah and His Messenger refused to have anybody stand there other than Abu Bakr so I'm about hope as we know he had to break the Salah because the process and commanded it and Abu Bakr has to be called and then Abu Bakr leads the Salah for three days and nights and as well in the last hope that he gave solo I said I'm sitting on the member What did he say close all of the doors of the Masjid other than the door Abu Bakr the how is the narrow alleyways that would come in as I told you many times and I showed that showed you the diagram on the on the TV screen that the masjid and the houses were connected with a small alleyway and whatnot and those Sahaba that had built their houses around the Masjid there's direct access to the Masjid and at the death of the prophet he commanded that's it no more direct access you enter with the common door those of you whose houses are next and turn the common door except one man gets the blessing to enter from his house straight to the messages and that is al Baqarah studio and this is the last ultima that he gave on the member sitting down he couldn't stand up and in that hold but he said that a person has been given the choice between this world and the next right that's the hold but they're in that hold but he mentions close all doors other than Abu Bakr
why didn't then the prophet and simply say when I die Abu Bakr should be the Khalifa
so we have so many evidences that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radiyaallahu anhu was the one whom the Prophet PBUH wanted to now the question arises why didn't then the prophet and simply say when I die Abu Bakr should be the Khalifa and to this there are many responses the strongest one and Allah knows best is he Prophet PBUH did not want to open the president or the door that every khalifa must decide the next Khalifa he didn't want to have this as the political philosophy it's open if the khalifa wants to decide it is allowed but if the profitsystem had done it would have become Rajab and that is why if you look at the four khalifa each one of them did something different Abu Bakr specified the next person is going to be Umar but Abu Bakr doing it doesn't make it watch it or Omar specified a group these are six people choose amongst them correct Usman radi Allahu anhu nothing happened he didn't specify anybody there was a bit of a chaos the people then chose Ali R.A right so each one of them did something different and the Sharia allows for all of this and the one that is the least encouraged is to specify your son this is not encouraged at all it does not invalidate the Caliphate as some extreme people say if that were the case then we would never have had a caliphate since the time of the Abbas's which means we only had a Caliphate for 30 years nobody would sense on his mind says that but it is not ideal and it is definitely not the best and where are we for a Muslim saw furnished he had that he saw he thought it was best to nominate his son and so the last of the Sahaba who was the khalifa' and that's more how we opened this door and why are we as blessing is not like the blessing of Abu Bakr and his HT hat is not like the each day Abu Bakr yes it is Helen yes it is judges but it is definitely not the best to do and
so Allah allowed the last of the Sahaba who was the Haditha to open this door to indicate that it's not invalid if there's a dynasty and the majority of the Ummah has been upon a dynasty but the ideal which is Abubaker, Umar, Usman and Ali each one was done in a different manner but the profitsystem did not want to open this door he wanted to leave it open and therefore he indicated without specifying right without being too verbal this is the what the wisdom that most of our scholars say in any case
Death of Prophet SAW
returning back to our story after this long introduction what exactly happened on that day so remind me again when did the prophet and pass away Monday morning very good date last 12th Rubiulawwal would if not I thought you said last ok so he passed away on a Monday early morning after Fajr prayer early morning on the 12th of Rabi and I would and uh that I do not know actually I'll have to look that up I do not know I will have to look up other sources so on the morning of the 12th within a few hours the same day on Monday the unsought began to gather at their usual gathering place what was their usual gathering place the usual gathering place was a type of shack a type of if you like a shed and that in Arabic is called sativa is a covering or a shed something that's just covering up and this shed or this sativa was in a garden and the garden belonged to the most famous of the hazardous tribes which is the Banu sada which is what sahiba Nevada belonged to and this was the usual gathering place from the days of jahiliyyah from before Islam they had a gathering place you know it was the culture of the Arabs that there's a gathering place so within a few hours of the death of the prophet everybody's coming and the unsolder began to gather and of course the conversation gets to what's going to happen now it is very important to note the ants are did not send an announcement come let us discuss the Khalifa no rather it's human nature that at times of a joint calamity right you want to go and meet at times of individual calamity you go and meet the person somebody's relative dies you go and meet that person or you go you go to the family and a joint calamity something of this nature you want to find out what's happening you go and talk
so it's human nature and especially in that culture that when anything major happened the man would go to these types of these types of gatherings so the unsought all began to trickle in to the sativa of Banu Sarah and of course but aside the stuff diva is well known in Medina I have shown it to you all the time we have gone for Umrah it is on the back of the message that I've never we if you're facing the Qibla on the back right-hand side there is still an actual garden right the north western side it is still an actual garden and that garden that is still there to this day and you can see it clearly when we stay to the groups that we go it and you need to go in our group in Charlotte this year when we go in our groups we always stay in the hotel right behind the sakifa all of the blocks of hotels right it is on the back side and the right-most hotel when you exit you will find the garden in front of you that is the significant side so the unsought began together
Saad ibn e Ubada
now again I want to point out there is no maliciousness that let us talk about the khilafa but what is going to happen when all of the men are gathered and the prophet has passed away event Julie the conversation gets to what's going to happen now who's going to take charge because everybody understands you need a leader you cannot live without a leader you need somebody in charge and so eventually this conversation ensues and the main person that they looked up to and whose name continually came up was their senior most figure at the time and that is Saad ibn e Ubada was the senior-most leader of the Khazraj and of course the 'has raj and the oaths the two of the unsightly tribes the hostage were the larger of the two remember I had said this I think two three years ago so I'm sure although you remember everything I ever said so no problem is Allah so the hostage was the larger of the two tribes okay and which was the richer of the two the O's was the richer of the two but the hostage was the larger of the two so quantity counts here and so amongst the hostage another blessing the hostage had was that the hostage were the ones who first embraced Islam and then the O's embraced Islam so the first adapt Kaaba the first group who converted when the Prophet PBUH gave that one excuse me the first group remember the process and passed them by and he said which tribe are you they said the hostage there was no oaths in the first converts from Medina so because of this the quantity and the earliness of the hostage have an upgrade status therefore the hostage began talking amongst themselves and Saad Ibn e Ubada his name was basically understood that he is our leader if anybody is going to be a leader from the unsought is going to be sad even
Who is Saad Ibn e Ubada and Saad Ibn e Muaad
now pause here who is Saad ibn e Ubada we need to understand before we move on firstly remember that there are two famous Saad’s of the Ansaars two famous Saads of the Ansaars Saad ibn e Muaad and Saad ibn e Ubada and of them two Saad ibn e Muaad is much more blessed than Saad ibn e Ubadah and the both of them are blessed but of the two Saad ibn e Muaad is much higher not only did he convert first Saad ibn e Muaad he was the one who spoke at the battle of Badr which was one of the greatest blessings of any Anssari who was the Ansaari who upgraded the pledge from mere protection to offensive fighting that is Saad ibn e Muaad are you guys remember what happened that brother you all remember what happened at brother right when the processor them said what do you guys think and our bunker stood up almost everybody stood he kept on saying what do you guys think what do you guys think until finally Saad ibn e Muaad stood up and said perhaps you're wanting to know our answer that's why you keep on asking at us o Allah he said yes that is it so then he gave that beautiful eloquent speech which concluded in go charge in the water we will charge behind you and we will not say to you like the bani Israel I said to Musa go and fight you on your Lord no we will say go and fight you on your Lord and we are right behind you fighting along with you that is Saad ibn e Muaad and when did he die after the Battle of the Honda and when he passed away the Prophet SAW said I'm said the throne of Allah shook at the death of Saad ibn e Muaad prophet said 70,000 angels came to take the soul of Saad ibn e Muaad and the prophet of himself pray janazah for Saad ibn e Muaad and expressed a lot of dismay and regret at his at his death that is Saad ibn e Muaad and he is of course no longer alive.
Saad ibn e Ubadah was the second of the two sides and this is the one we are talking about now and Saad ibn e Ubadah also has a long list of resume of great things but not like Saad ibn e Muaad he is much higher Saad ibn e Ubadah he was of those who participated in the second Treaty of Aqaba not the first by the way the second the second Treaty of Aqaba the second treaty which had 72 right and he was one of those who was chosen to represent his sub-tribe so he's one of the twelve who are the chosen so Saad ibn e Ubadah therefore one of the elite of al kaba and he participated in every single battle from badar and so he's a badari so automatically when you're a badari you get a huge upgrade so Saad ibn e Ubadah is from the badar he was also of the wealthier of the unsought because of his father and grandfather they were somewhat chieftain statuses and so he has inherited money and inherited generosity as well both his father and grandfather in the days of Jahiliya were known for their hospitality and he inherited this from them it is said that he would regularly feed most of the people of the safa even had your mentions that on days when somebody would take one or two or three sad even ibadah would take 80 of the people of the sofa in his house to feed them Saad ibn e Ubadah was of those who had huge heart very generous person always feeding the poor and many are the things narrated about him in the famous hadith when the prophet them came to the House Saad ibn e Ubadah so this shows you his status that the process and for some reason he wants to speak about the Huzur something he goes to the House of Saad Ibn e Ubadah and from outside of the house he said assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu that's what you do there is no ringer there's no Bell how to use it assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu so Saad is so happy to hear the door he whispers back why the right and the process of his outside he doesn't hear so he raises his voice for the second time and he says it and sad was whispers back then the process and raised his voice and for the third time and sad whispers back what are you supposed to do after the third time leave so the process him left once I'd heard the footsteps he goes running outside he says ya Rasool Allah I heard you the first and second and third time and I respond to you but I wanted to hear your doors over and over again so assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu when the prophet I'm saying I said I'm winding whom you want more okay so sad wanted to hear the steps so he keeps on saying I responded here so Allah but not that loud so that you know so you can keep on giving it to me he didn't say like that but you get the point that I said yeah I heard you outside I responded but you know comment so this is sad they've been about decided in and also
we also have an in a number of a hadith that even a bus for example mentions that whenever the prophets all I said them gave the flag to any in it in any army he would always choose side even ibadah to carry the flags for the unsought and therefore even in the conquest of Mecca sad even ibadah was the one carrying the flag for the unsought so he himself was representing the unsought in front of the Prophet SAW sir so the flag of the unsought was given to him by the hands of the Prophet PBUH also that we have other hadith where the prophet specifically mentioned by name may Allah bless the unsub and especially may Allah bless sad a bit about it from the Ansaar so Saad Ibn e Ubadah definitely he has a long resume of blessings and whatnot and therefore it's understood that even the unsought recognize who is Saad Ibn e Ubadah so going back to our story therefore when the news spreads that people are gathering together somebody comes and I will bucket an armored are still in the Masjid this is now we don't know the exact timing we're assuming this is now before the overtime because the prophet passes away early morning maybe seven o'clock eight o'clock very early morning we don't know exactly one but in a few hours the news spreads Abu Bakr and Omar are in the main masjid and somebody comes and tells them that do you know that the unsought are gathering together and they are talking about the conversation has now gone to basically who is going to take charge so Omar said let us go to our brothers from the Ansaar and discuss this matter with them let us go and discuss this matter with them and of course Abu Bakr agreed now here is where uh we don't have any eyewitness report other than one and that is from Umar himself and therefore there are many other details that nobody will ever tell us we don't know what the details are we only have one eyewitness who told us what happened and that is Umar himself it is not at all unlikely that the Prophet that sorry that Abu baqr Siddiq went and chose a number of people to accompany him we don't know this all we know is a group of the Muhajiroun but who how did they come about how did that particular group come I would theorize and Allah knows best that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq chose the right group to go with him because it's not a coincidence in my humble opinion that Umar and Abu Ubaidah just happened to be sitting and three of the Ashra Mubashra are right there in that gathering rather Abu Bakr must have chosen the delegation and the senior most members are of course Umar himself and Abu Ubaidah now as for the issue of Ali and others from our perspective Sunni perspective the prophet has just passed away and clearly somebody has to take charge of the inner household matters and of consoling the family and of also end up and there is no doubt that Ali R.A is the person who is the most closest to the prophet um in terms of blood and lineage from the men's side and there's nothing about that that we have to be at all awkward or embarrassed about of course he's going to take charge of taking care of the inner matters of the household of the Prophet PBUH of Ghusal Abbas and Ali the uncle and the cousin and the son-in-law these are the two who took charge of them inner matters and that's understood and it's debatable I want as well is of the cousins of the Sahaba so this is understood also from our perspective and just a little bit and again this is a very deep thing and I I don't personally see the point in going into a lot of detail
controversies between the Sunni and the Shia
these controversies between the Sunni and the Shia have existed for thirteen and a half centuries and nothing I will say today will add or decrease these facts and if anybody wants to study them believe me hundreds of books and every language imaginable has been written the evidence is for the Sunday the evidence is for the Shia back and forth each and everything on and on and on and we can't reinvent the wheel this is all there and I don't see much benefit in in continually talking about this but we as certainly should know our history just like they know their history we should also know our history from our perspective a little the Allahu anhu is now barely 30 years old in his early 30s and Abu Bakr and Omar and Usman even are almost double his age and it really does not make sense to take somebody with some experience at the expense of somebody who has three four decades of experience in other words from our perspective a little Ali Radi Allahu anhu became the khalifa when he deserved to be the Khalifa when he came to the right age and the maturity and whatnot and that's when he became the Khalifa at this stage and age it was not even on their radar that somebody so young and remember Abu Bakr and others they have known Ali since he was a child in a baby and it is human nature that when somebody is that young and you've grown up with him they're not going to be on the radar at this stage not only that there has been the tragedy of the death of the Prophet PBUH they're busy so it's not as if there's an intentional conspiracy from our perspective it is ludicrous to assume there's a conspiracy there is no conspiracy Ali R.A became the Khalifa when he deserved to be the Khalifa and that was when he came to that right age of maturity when Abubaker Umar and Usman moved on and then it was his turn and we admire and respect every blessing about him in any case
back to our story I said it is not unrealistic to theorize that Abu Bakr went and chose the right people for the delegation who is going to go and talk about this issue and on the way to the sakifa they met two of the unsought and when these unsatisfied at where they were going to express some were Ansaar and they said maybe you shouldn't go it's best not to go they're worried maybe there's going to be a shouting match there is no worry of physical violence because that's not happened in the time of the Sahaba but our mother said no inshallah we'll go and there will be benefit in our going so remote continued on and remember this is the only narration we have is from Umar himself from what is the only one who narrated the first person he's there he witnesses it unfortunately we don't have any other narrations or else we could have had a lot more details and Umar narrated I began his narration directly he said when we got there we found the unsought had gathered in the sativa and between them was a man wrapped up in a shawl we said who is this they said this is Saad Ibn e Ubadah he is sick with fever so it just so happened that he was sick so therefore he's wrapped up and shivering and whatnot so he had a fever adjuster but that a lot was at the time he had a fever so after we had arrived the delegation has arrived you know that the trivial formalities are done then one of the Ansaar up and he said after praising Allah as to what follows so we are the Ansaar Allah the helpers of Allah and we are the Vanguard of Islam were the ones who defended Islam and you a group of Muhajiroun are a group amongst us and you came to us one by one bit by bit and joined us meaning in a very polite manner very nice matter there's no in back and forth there's no derogatory terms but each group feels at this time more qualified so the unsolder saying in terms of sheer quantity you guys are minuscule the unsought are probably two three thousand these are like the elite senior as for beyond them much more and the Muhajiroun are probably to 300 because again I mean who's gonna we're talking about the Mahajiroon from pre-conquest obviously right after conquest what now there is no so pre-conquest those who are like the the senior of the of the Quraysh probably 1/10 of the Ansaar so the Ansaar are from their perspective from their perspective they're saying I mean we are so large you guys came one after the other because how did the Mahajiroon come 1 2 3 and then slowly you guys came so it's pretty obvious that because we're so many we should be the leader and you are just one ohm from amongst us you're like one minute drive from almost all of us so they're looking at it from their perspective and there's an element of truth from their perspective so when he's speaking like this Omar says so as he was speaking I thought to myself what would I say I'm thinking to myself what are my points I'm gonna say and when he fell silent I was happy that I have all of my points listed colossi has his speech ready now okay and I was gonna say something and I knew it would be a little bit harsh and I knew a bucket would find my statements a little bit harsh when I was about to stand up Abu Bakr pulled me down and he said stay put or Omar so Omar says so I was scared to make him angry so this is Omar the only person that Omar is not wanting to make angry said I listen to him because I didn't want to make al Bukhari then Abu Bakr stood up and he praised Allah Subhana WA Ta'ala and gave a lecture and on what is saying by Allah he was wiser and more gentle than I would have been and there was not a single point that I had in my mind except that Abu Bakr said it or better than it notice here Omar's humility Omar is narrating this in his own Khilafah by the way when Abubaker has passed away almost telling us the story it's a longer event which I don't have time to tell you but basically very quickly rumors began to spread in the time of Umar R.A that Abu Bakr's Khilafah was simply a coincidence it just happened that it wasn't thought out and that if we had thought it out somebody else should have been the honey for other than him when Omar heard this he became angry he became incensed and he called a meeting of all of the Sahaba and then he told the story so this story is what I'm narrating to you ok so this is the first person now he's telling them so he's praising Abu Bakar in this manner that no matter what I had in my mind Abubaker had something better than me and he said every point that I had and he said every hadith that we had heard about the praise of the unsought and of what he said was that the prophet said the surah al-Baqarah saying that and
I know for a fact that the Prophet SAW said I'm said if all of mankind took one path and the unser took the other path I would follow the path of the unsought so he is going on and on about the blessings of the unsought at the wisdom of Ibaka you don't begin the speech by putting somebody down you want to impress somebody you want to change their mind well then you show them you respect them for who they are this is the wisdom of O Bakr and perhaps if someone had done it he would not have done all of this he himself said that I had some harshness and I knew a Bukka would find my speech harsh I knew that would happen but he never spoke because Allah willed him not to speak so Abu Bakr begins by praising the unsought every idea they can think of about praising the unsought then he moves on and he says and Oh sad so he points direct saad I know that you were sitting right in front of the prophet SAW when he himself said it is the Quraysh who shall lead this matter of hours the righteous amongst them shall lead the righteous of mankind and the impious shall lead the empires of mankind so he quoted a hadith that the prophecies I'm is saying the leaders shall be from the Quraysh and he pointed to sad who is the one contender the one person that might people might and he says Oh sad you remember that day when he said the hadith you were right there I was there and this is so beautiful because by pointing to side and then quoting a hadith and then saying we were both there that day how then can anybody go against this hadith so he mentions a hadith that kind of solves the matter it can't be from the unsought then he gives so after hadith Eden brings logic and he says and you know Colin saw that the Arabs will not follow anybody other than the meaning their jahiliyyah is still there in that regard and you oh and saw you're not going to be accepted by the rest of the Arabs whereas the karashi they will accept him because they are the best of the Arabs in lineage and in house meaning in lineage meaning in terms of shut off they are the most honorable in the days of Jahiliya and in terms of house meeting Mecca they have the most noblest of houses meaning Mecca and therefore the leaders should be from the Quraysh at this sad said you have spoken the truth you are the leaders and we are the helpers and tomorrow by the way this shows his Amman that when the evidence is presented of us you're right I can't like how can you argue with the hadith so you are the leaders we are the helpers then I will back out of the Abu Bakr held on to the hands of Omar and Abu Ubaidah and here is my point here and that is that Abu Bakr Siddiq clearly was planning this out to nominate these two
Abu Bakr R.A Nominates Umar R.A and Abu Ubaidah
is not just a coincidence that so happened that these two people sitting next to him know what Abu Bakr wanted these two people to be next to him and he brought them with him to the Khalifa I will walk out in his modest he did not want to be the honey for he did not want to nominate himself that's not the appropriate way but he has in mind the next two best people and of the next two best people and that's of ten who have been promised Jannah so he picks up the hand of Umar and he picks up the hand of Abu Ubaidah and he said I have nominated these two whichever of these two you like choose them and this is also hikmah because when you give somebody an option it makes it easier for him to choose even though before you gave him the option he wouldn't have chosen either of them in other words the Ansar they weren't thinking of the Quraish they were thinking of themselves and Abu Bakr did not say oh here's or give him because then they would feel they have to rather he opens up the door he says you guys choose between these two matters okay and this is again I mean well I we find here wisdom of a leader we find your true psychology of leadership and Abu Bakr that Allah blessed him with to understand how to control an Ummah that without any tension nothing is actually you know there's no battle tape there's no source being draw but still humans are humans and the Sahaba are the Sahaba and power is power and we say and there's no harm in saying this yes indeed some of them might have desired this for halal reasons you think you will do good for the Ummah this is no doubt about it but who is the one who really should be chosen in this case it is the one whom Allah azzawajal desired and that is Abu-Bakr and so when uh he said this Umar narrating the story and he said that I swear by Allah this was the only paragraph of Abu-Bakr speech that I hated that he nominated me and Abu Ubaidah and he said it would be more beloved to me to be executed as long as there was no sin involved that I had done then to lead a group or be a Khalifah group in which Abu Bakr was present in other words I'd rather die than be in charge of Abu Bakr I'm not qualified to do that this is Omar speaking in his Khalifa to a group of people who said maybe Abu Bakr wasn't the best maybe somebody else would have been the Haditha Omar is saying I would rather have my head chopped off then be the Khalifah over Abu Bakr as-Siddiq this is Umar respect saying this in his own khalifa
Ansaar’s Solution
so when Abu Bakr said this statement that choose one of these two one of the unsought one of the unsolved and said I have a solution i will give you another solution why don't we have two Amir's one from us and one from you okay so we're both going to be happy but of course you can't have two drivers and do captain's on a ship and so when he suggested this a lot of lot or raising other voices you know what happens when you're in any gathering obviously what happens somebody says this somebody says that and so is all chaos and confusion and at this Omar said so I raised my voice when everybody's voice is being raised Omar has the loudest voice and the deepest voice and he says o Abu Bakr stretch forth your hand and Abu Bakr put his hand forward and Omar then said we shall give the way out to you and so Umar was the first person to nominate Abu Bakr and then give the bay eye to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and then the Muhajiroun and the Ansaar followed
Saad Ibn e Ubadah’s Dis Satisfaction
and therefore this was how the matter was done and there are and I have to be again part of part of my job in this series of lectures is to also tell you that which you might not have heard or that which might not be the rosy side of the picture and I do this because you are aware and there are plenty of narrations in various books that side even Saad Ibn Ubadah was not satisfied with this according to some reports he said that you guys have forced me to do this and the response was given to him it is better that you are forced to remain with the Jama’a then we let you go and you caused Firqa and if this report is authentic there's nothing wrong with that because it is not haram to have these types of feelings and emotions to desire certain things that are not Haram to desire you can desire fame and money for halal reasons and if Saad Ibn e Ubadah wanted to be the Khalifa he wanted it for good reasons so there's nothing wrong with this he thought he would do a good and better job that is his prerogative now this is one report others that they say all of these reports are baseless and they're just fabrications so that is also an opinion out there then there are clear-cut fabrications we typically find them in pro Shia sources ok so there are historians that are Shia in nature or quoting Shia narrators such as the narrator of a this narrator is the one who by the way when we talked about when we talked about Karbala the first Shia author to ever write about Karbala was and he wrote a book about Makhtal Hussain and that book is the basis of all of the Shia narratives about what happened in Karbala so the same guy a we as Sunnis do not trust at all I mean for us he is a Kazzab he is not nothing is just nothing to do with history for us he's just a a person who fabricates from his perspective but he has a narration which is a clear-cut fabrication we don't accept it at all I'm only telling it to you so you know if you hear it where does it come from according to him Saad Ibn e Ubadah refused to pray in the Jamaa pray behind Abu Bakr refused to go for hajj refuse to participate in anything and this is clear-cut fabrication in our Sunni sources we find minor disapproval for example he says you guys forced me and then the response is to force you to join is better than letting you go this is we know it's within the acceptable parameters okay and some have said even this is not there and there are other references and this is from our own Sunni tradition so I'm just telling you - so you know there also references that when a worker passed away then Omer became the Khalifa so again Saad felt that maybe it was more deserving and so eventually he decided to leave Medina rather than caused a fitnah or whatnot
How Saad Ibn e Ubaidah Passed Away?
he just decided to go and live a separate life and this is one interpretation the other interpretation is he went for jihad and he died outside of Medina because of jihad in any case the point is that Saad Ibn e Ubaidah does not really have much of a mention after this incident he does pass away in the conquered sham area he goes and he dies in sham and there also by the way legends of Saad Ibn e Ubaidah which is one of the most bizarre legends of our traditions and these are legends these are not a hadith these are not authentic narrations these are simply found in the books that the jinn killed Saad Ibn e Ubaidah ok this is a famous thing that who amongst the Sahaba was killed by the jinn and this is a quiz question asked many times and the response is sad even rubato because he was discovered in his house basically with an arrow and they say a voice was heard that the jinn were boasting that we have killed Saad Ibn e Ubaidah this is one of those bizarre things as we said it's a legend and I don't see the need to if it happened it happened if it didn't have it didn't happen our religion is not based upon this and Allah Azza WA JAL knows best in any case sadly nobody passed away within two three years in the fourteenth year of the hijra or some say the early part of the fifteenth year of the Hijra side a bit nobody passes away also before we move on very quickly inshallah we'll finishing around five minutes before.
the leaders of my Ummah must be from the
I move on as well I mentioned that Abu Bakr call it a hadith at the Khalifah will be from the garage this command from the Prophet PBUH item is in fact i.e. dozens of a hadith reported and we find reports inside even imagine every single book of Hadith so much Ibn e Ma’ja says I found over forty narrations of different wordings all of which mention I basically so many a hadith that mention the leaders of my Ummah must be from the Quraish now this this hadith and these commands always raise a lot of eyebrows in many Muslims and they say what why and the response to this as well frankly maybe we can't answer why the prophet said it end of story that's really the best way to say that okay tell us the prophet said it and some scholars have given reasons why but in any case the Shia quantity of a hadith in this regard one cannot negate them and therefore Sunni and Shia Islam one of the things we actually agree about is that except that the Shia say not just any Qurashi only Ahl e Bait but they certainly say any Quraishi the only people who oppose this where the as for Ahle Sunna and even the Shia they said the leaders have to be from the tribe of Quraysh as for the Shia they said not only from orange but from only from a little bait okay so from our perspective and this is something all of those who wrote in Islamic political science like Alma what he and like others of the classical tradition about Kalani who has a law section about political sciences in his appeal book so all of these great authors they all mentioned it Ben Hodja they all mentioned that our leaders should be from the garage and of course for the bulk of our Ummah that has been the case the Ummah is the Qurashi their buses are horror she it was only in the time of the Ottomans where this was taken away and there's another question what if he's not from the chorus does that negate his caliphate or does it simply mean his Caliphate is missing something but it doesn't negate it the majority of people said it doesn't negate his caliphate so the Ottoman Caliphate is valid but it's better to have that if we if you had the option to choose then you should choose the person who has this noble lineage
What Happened on 13th Rabiul Awal?
in any case frankly there's no explanation other than the process and commanded it and so be it and then we conclude with what happened on the next day and that is on the Tuesday on the 13th at Rabiul Awal well so on the Monday within hours of the death of the Prophet PBUH them Abu Bakr has now been decided amongst the senior Muhajiroun and amongst the senior unsought he has been decided and this shows us the severity of the matter that barely a few hours after the death of the Prophet PBUH the Sahaba have decided who shall be their leader and now the news spreads and the people are told come and show up on Tuesday to give your Bay after Abu Bakr as-Siddiq so after the morning prayer on Tuesday so barely 24 hours after the death of the Prophet PBUH the Sahaba gathered in the Masjid and the prophet body is still in the house of Ayesha he has not yet been buried he has not yet been buried and Abu Bakr comes and sits on the mimbar and this is most likely before Zohar so the people have come in the daytime and they're waiting there and Omar stands up and he introduces Abu Bakr and he basically says that o people what I said yesterday was something from me neither did I find it in the Book of Allah nor did the process and tell me about it anybody remember what did he say yesterday so what did Omar say so what did I must say where to the pasta some go he's not dead he's speaking with Allah he's gonna come back okay so now Omar wants to make up for what he said yesterday notice now so he says what I said yesterday this is not something that I heard from the profitsystem nor is it found in the Quran I made a mistake basically as they're trying to say okay that don't think that you know it was basically from me and he said I thought that the Prophet would not leave us until everything was over and he would be the last of us to go meaning we'd all die before him this is what his thought so Umar is saying I thought we would all be gone before him it never occurred to me he would die before us but Allah has left you with his book and in it is the Sunnah of the Prophet PBUH so hold on to it and you shall be guided and Allah has gathered your affairs and chosen the best of you the saw therefore everybody stood in line and gave the oath of allegiance no buckles so did one after the other until when everybody was done I will bucker then stood up and he gave that three sentence Khutba which is one of the most powerful Khutba ever given in fact no I should say it is the most powerful hood but ever given by any political leader after the prophet I said of and all of us have heard it on and off here and there it's just three lines and is something very beautiful Khutba so Abu Bakr said
“o people I have been put in charge of you even though I am not the best of you so if I do good then help me and if I do bad then correct me being truthful is the essence of trustworthiness and lying is treachery and the weak amongst you is strong in my eyes until I return to him his right meaning the weakest amongst you are the closest to me until whatever he needs he gets it and the strongest amongst you is of least significance to me is the weakest in my eye in other words don't be fooled by who's weak and strong for me the weakest amongst you have the most power for my time and attention and the strongest amongst you are the ones who don't need anything from me until I take the right from them for the poor and never does a group leave striving for the sake of Allah except that Allah strikes them with humiliation and never does fahisha lewdness and evil spread except that Allah envelopes them with his punishment obey me as long as I obey Allah and His Messenger but if I disobey Allah and His Messenger then I have no right on you that you should obey me”
that was his Khutba then he said stand up and pray may Allah azzawajal have mercy on you that was the first ultima Bakr al Siddiq
When Did Prophet SAW got Buried
and after he gave this Khutba that was when the body of the prophet now being washed and prepared for burial after this the discussion began where she should be buried we talked about that already after this the people began to pray we talked about that already so all of the khilafa issues have already been done within less than a day everything is settled and the matter has been decided and the people continue to pray continue to pray upon the Prophet’s body until finally they began after the Zohar of Tuesday and the sheer quantity of people continues now the goal was to bury him that day but the sheer quantity of people kept on kept on kept on until they were forced to bury him late late night we don't know exactly when but once they had come Wednesday had come does this mean he was buried at Isha time at 12 o'clock we don't know but late night we would say Tuesday which in the Muslim calendar is early Wednesday right late night Tuesday was when the prophet was buried and that is of course early Wednesday from the Islamic perspective that and of course he's buried in his house so you don't go there's no going out he's buried right then and there and with this we conclude the story of the election Abu Bakr Siddiq R.A