Seerah of Prophet Muhammad 79 - The Conquest of Makkah Part 4 ~ Dr. Yasir Qadhi | 19th March 2014

We discussed the Prophet PBUH reaching outside of Makkah and a number of famous people converting.

1.                  Abbas converted closer to Madinah and is in fact considered to be the last Muhajir;

2.                  Outside Makkah, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith and;

3.                  Abdullah ibn Abi Umayyah - #2 & #3 are both first cousins of the Prophet PBUH;

4.                  And the famous Abu Sufyan ibn Harb converted after Abbas spent an entire night debating with him, and then the Prophet PBUH talked to him directly.

Here is a historical tidbit: It's very interesting that someone wanted to kill Abu Sufyan and the Prophet PBUH forbade him from doing so. Who was that person? Umar ibn al-Khattab himself. The dynamics of the group that over-respects Ahl al-Bayt - what is their perspective of Umar? Here we see Umar asking multiple times to finish off Abu Sufyan, the grandfather of Yazid. But the Prophet PBUH himself said no. And Umar is the one who wants to kill Abu Sufyan but Allah had a plan none whom can overcome

 

Allah SWT Answered the Prophet's PBUH Du'a

So we are now on the 20th Ramadan, 8 H and it is the morning of the conquest of Makkah. And the people of Makkah still do not know the army is an hour away. Subhan'Allah the Prophet PBUH made a du'a to Allah that, "Conceal my plans from the Quraysh," and Allah answered. It is humanly impossible to conceal the plans of 10,000 people from Madinah. Yet because of that du'a, Allah did not allow the plans of the Prophet PBUH to be exposed literally one minute before the army of the Muslims walked in. It is truly a miracle it was kept under such secrecy.

 

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Entering Makkah

And the Prophet PBUH divided the army up. al-Waqidi and others have a long list of which tribe did what - in general, there were three primary contingents who each had many smaller subgroups. On the one the Prophet PBUH put the Ansar in charge; on the other side the Muhajirun and in the middle was a mixture, and the Prophet PBUH was in the middle group. For the Ansar, Sa'd ibn Ubadah was in charge who is the current leader of the Ansar. Recall the two Sa'ds were the leaders of the Ansar, but Sa'd ibn Mu'adh died after Khandaq, so Sa'd ibn Ubadah is the current leader. How did he become the leader? The Ansar gathered in his house after Sa'd ibn Mu'adh died to make him the leader. So he is given a clear leadership role. And the Muhajirun have Khalid ibn al-Walid in charge. It's mentioned there were 700 Muhajirun, 4000 Ansar and the rest of the army was from other tribes around Madinah. And as Sa'd ibn Ubadah is marching he chants out, "Today is the day of death and destruction; today the Ka'bah itself will lose its Haram and become Halal."


Abu Sufyan heard this and rushed to the Prophet PBUH complaining, "How can the haram become halal?" Of course by 'halal' he is implying that bloodshed will be allowed and everything else that is normally haram. So Sa'd is saying, "Today the haram will no longer be sacred." Abu Sufyan and the Quraysh never said this themselves; they may have done things inside the haram that were wrong, but they've always known it's a haram. So upon hearing this he rushed to the Prophet PBUH to inform him, and the Prophet PBUH said, "Sa'd made a mistake." And the Prophet PBUH ordered the banner be taken away from Sa'd because of this mistake, and he gave the banner to Zubayr ibn al-Awam, a Qureshi. The middle army was led by Abu Ubaydah Amir ibn Jarrah so all the leaders were from the Quraysh - this clearly shows us the thinking of the Prophet PBUH that the people who enter the Ka'bah should all be Qureshi.

Only the Muhajir should lead the victory into Makkah. And this also shows the Prophet PBUH made ijtihad on the spot. Initially he chose Sa'd, but when Sa'd became eager and make a mistake, he gave the banner to Zubayr ibn al-Awam to lead. And Abbas told Abu Sufyan that, "You had better rush back to Makkah and tell them not to fight." Recall he's a new convert so his heart is still somewhat attached to the Quraysh out of love for them. So Abu Sufyan rushes back into the city and this is when finally the people of Quraysh hear the news that the Prophet PBUH is right outside the city. Honestly it is truly mind boggling how it's possible for 10,000 to reach the door of Makkah without anyone finding out. It's truly a miracle.

 

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"Come to My House and You Will Be Safe"

So Abu Sufyan rushes in and is screaming at the top of his lungs, "Ya Quraysh here is Muhammad he has come to you with an army you can never fight. So come to my house and you will be safe." Subhan'Allah the last place of safety the Prophet PBUH mentions, he makes it the only place of safety. And indeed Abbas was correct. He said Abu Sufyan is a man of leadership, "So give him something to make him feel proud." And so the Prophet PBUH agreed and gave safety to all in HIS house. So now Abu Sufyan is almost boasting and is saying, "Come to my house and you will be safe." And he runs through the streets of Makkah and the people are panicking. And he tells them all the details, "I was just with Muhammad; you cannot fight, surrender and take up arms." As he's surrounded by this crowd, his own wife is there and she cannot believe her husband is doing this.

His wife is none other than Hind whose done so much in the seerah, and will do more things. She eventually accepts Islam but at this point she is still a pagan. So when she sees with her own eyes the rumors are true that her husband is telling the Quraysh to give up, she darts through the crowd and smacks her own husband in public. And she twists his facial hair, and she starts giving him the most vile curses imaginable in public. That, "Kill this lazy idiot." This is the wife telling the people of the Quraysh, "Kill this fat coward!" And this was truly a public humiliation. But Abu Sufyan retained his dignity and responded, "Woe to you, don't let her cause you to act rashly for I tell an army has come you cannot fight. Come to my house you will be safe."

One of them said, "Of what use is your house?!" meaning 'how can we fit?' Then he spills the beans: "whoever enters the haram is safe, whoever enters their own house and closes the door is safe and whoever enters my house is safe." So whoever had a house enters their own house. Those without a house i.e. travelers, hujjaj, or even people whose house is too far away, they entered the haram right in front of the Ka'bah OR Abu Sufyan's house. It's also said the Prophet PBUH allowed the house of Abbas to be a public safety house.

 

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The Conquest of Makkah

And the Prophet PBUH divided the army into three as we said - one of them entered Makkah from the western side, the other entered Makkah from the east side. And he forbade them, "DO not kill anyone unless they attack you. It is forbidden to kill anybody." However the Prophet PBUH mentioned a few names and said, "If you see these people you can kill them." In this immediate chaos a small group of Qureshi banded together and decided to fight back. They literally had just minutes to run around, gather some people and get weapons. But it wasn't an organised assault against the Muslims - it was just chaotic. And the one in charge was Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahal, along with Safwan ibn Umayyah and Suhayl ibn Amr (the one who did Hudaybiyyah, Abu Jandal's father). So these three senior men, the remnants of the Quraysh, decided to band together and fight back. But it was an obvious failure. The books only mention a handful were killed, around 10-20 from the Quraysh and from the Muslim only two were killed in the flank of Khalid ibn al-Walid. After this small skirmish and all threats were eliminated, the Prophet PBUH entered Makkah.

And thus Makkah was finally conquered on the 20th of Ramadan in the 8th year of the Hijrah with barely any loss of life. After 21 years of difficulty, the Prophet PBUH returned to the place of his birth after being expelled out as the undisputed conqueror. And the people of Makkah could not possibly put up a fight. So the Prophet PBUH entered Makkah on his camel from the area that in today's time called Kuday and he was dressed in his armor (not ihram). And he had a red turban on him on this day, and it was flung underneath his beard. And Ibn Ishaq mentions that the Prophet PBUH lowered his head all the way down to the camel, so much so, his forehead was almost touching the back of the camel. And he was praising and glorifying Allah immensely and reciting Surah Fath.

إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُّبِينًا

"Indeed, We have given you, [O Muhammad], a clear conquest" [48:1]

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Idols Destroyed

And the Prophet PBUH made his way through the streets of Makkah, everyone in awe of him, until he stood in front of the Ka'bah still on his camel, he began doing tawaf riding the camel. And he had in his hand a staff, and every time he passed by one of the idols (and there were over 350, some say 360 idols in Makkah one for every day of the year), every time he passed by he would point towards it and if the idol had the face forward it fell forward; if its face was backward it fell back. And every idol was destroyed directly by the Prophet PBUH, another miracle of Allah. And the Prophet PBUH kept on reciting:

وَقُلْ جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا

"And say, "Truth has come, and falsehood has departed. Indeed is falsehood, [by nature], ever bound to depart."" [17:81]

And every time he passed by the Black Stone, the Hajar, he would touch it with his staff. Note he did not get off his camel this whole time.

The people were gathering while he is doing tawaf, and the haram has been filling up until finally the entire city is now packed inside the haram. And in front of the Ansar and Muhajirun, he calls for the keys of the Ka'bah. And they are given to him; so he takes the keys, and with his own blessed hands he unlocks the doors and enters the Ka'bah and he finds inside signs of paganism: Pigeons made out of materials, and he takes them all out and destroys them to cleanse the inside of the Ka'bah. There were also images inside the Ka'bah of angels, and also of Ibrahim AS, and the Prophet PBUH said, "May Allah curse them, what has Ibrahim got to do with this paganism?" Then he recited, "Ibrahim was a pure hanif that was Muslim, not of the pagans."

According to ibn Sa'd on one side of the Ka'bah was a picture of Mary and Jesus. The report however is very weak and it doesn't make sense either. It makes sense for Ibrahim and angels to be there since the Quraysh thought angels were the daughters of Gods but not so much Jesus and Mary. Nonetheless all the images in the Ka'bah were destroyed. Thus when all the idols had been demolished, the house of Allah returned to absolute purity.

 

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Short Sermon

 

When the Prophet PBUH cleansed the haram of all the filth, he turned to the people speaking from the door of the Ka'bah, standing on the footsteps of the Ka'bah with the doors wide open in front of him. Imagine the scene. It's such a pinnacle of the seerah. Here is the house of Allah and the people of Makkah, Ansar, Muhajir, more than 12,000 people are standing before the Prophet PBUH. And they are all waiting for the Prophet PBUH to speak. Now he stands and faces the entire gathering from the doors of the Ka'bah itself. What symbolism and imagery. Subhan'Allah.

And he gives a very short khutbah. That, "لا إله إلا الله وحده، أنجز وعده، ونصر عبده، وهزم الأحزاب وحده (There is no God but Allah, and He has fulfilled his promise and aided His servants. And He destroyed all the enemies by Himself.) Verily every single claim and matter of Jahiliyyah has now been abolished." Except two things: The sadana and siqaya (custodianship of the Ka'bah and feeding of the pilgrims)." The keys of the Ka'bah were the right of Uthman ibn Maz'oon of the Banu Abd al-Dar, and the responsibility of feeding the hujjaj was Banu Hashim's. Then he said, "Verily Allah has abolished the arrogance of Jahiliyyah (the hierarchy of tribalism)." And he said, "All of you are from Adam and Adam was from dust." So now if you're Qureshi or Khuza'a nothing matters. And he said, "The one who has higher privilege is he who has more taqwa of Allah."

And then with all of the Quraysh gathered, the Prophet PBUH asked, "What do you think I shall do to you?" And so they said, "You will do the best for us, for you are one of us, you are a noble brother and you are the son of a noble brother, you are our brother." And the Prophet PBUH gave those famous lines: "Go, for you are free there is no blame on you today." That is, he quoted Yusuf AS: "I too say to you the same thing, which my brother Yusuf said to his unkind brothers i.e. "Have no fear this day! May Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of the merciful." And subhan'Allah this verse came down when the Prophet PBUH when he most needed it. When he was being persecuted and tortured to show him, "A time shall come that you be in a position of power such that you will utter these same words just like Yusuf did." And wallahi we cannot do justice to this scene with mere words.

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Points of Benefit From the Incident of the Conquest of Makkah

 

Benefits:

1) The Prophet PBUH when he conquered Makkah, he wanted to honor Makkah like no other city. And he conquered Makkah by commanding the conquerors not to fight and not to attack even. Never in the history of humanity has an army been told, "Don't attack; don't unsheathe your swords!" Never has it happened that a city has been conquered simply by an army marching in. This is something Allah blessed the Prophet PBUH with.

2) When Makkah was conquered we see the humility and humbleness of the Prophet PBUH. He did not enter Makkah with his chest out with pride and arrogance; rather he enters in a manner unprecedented in human history. Neither before or after has a conqueror entered with his head bowed down in front of Allah so much so his face is almost touching the back of the camel. Who else can demonstrate this type of gratefulness and humility?

3) The first thing the Prophet PBUH does when he enters the city is worship Allah. He goes straight to the Ka'bah and he honors and worships Allah. This is the priority. Yes the biggest victory in mankind has just happened, but Allah comes first. So he thanks Allah by doing the tawaf. And as he does the tawaf, along with worshiping Allah, he does the second greatest act which is to reject taghut. He is worshiping Allah and as he's doing tawaf he destroys the filth around the Ka'bah by destroying the external idols. Then he turns to the internal idols, gets rid of them and then he turns to the Quraysh.

4) His sermon is short and to the point. He summarizes the main points, the worship of Allah alone with no idols. He just begins with, "There is no God but Allah," and this is the reality of Islam. After praising Allah he then mentions, "All of your old ways are abolished and gone, and a new system of taqwa has come in - only the one of taqwa has a higher status, otherwise everyone is from Adam AS and from clay."

5) He asks them, "What do you think I will do with you?" By asking them what should be done, it's truly beautiful psychology. He doesn't just command, he asks. By asking many things are demonstrated. Firstly his own superiority over them. That now he is in charge of them, but he tells them in a very gentle manner. He is establishing the rank he deserves in a humble and gentle manner. At the same time, the implicit tone of the question is that, "You have done much wrong, you deserve a punishment." But the Prophet PBUH does not say this. It's implied - this is among the perfection of his mannerisms. He doesn't say, "How did you do this to me?" but he still gets the point across implicitly. Automatically it's understood that, "What have you done?" by asking the question. Lastly by asking this question he extracts their hope and admiration for him, and he allows them to testify to this. So the Prophet PBUH brings it out of their hearts and they say, "You must do the best, after all you are such a generous man who belongs to us."

6) This incident and Ta'if put together is truly the seerah summarized. It demonstrates how the Prophet PBUH is a mercy to mankind. When he was persecuted and alone in Ta'if, and when he was a conqueror at the head of an army at Makkah; at both times he forgave for the sake of Allah. It also shows the reality of Islam. It's not about bloodshed or war. It's about the worship of Allah however this is achieved. Sometimes war, usually mercy and peace and this is demonstrated throughout the seerah.

7) It is said the Prophet PBUH prayed inside the Ka'bah. We don't know exactly when - some scholars say before, according to others it's after. Allah knows best, but logically speaking it makes more sense he prayed before he gave the khutbah. According to some he prayed two rak'at, according to other six (2, 2, 2). And Bilal RA was with the Prophet PBUH when he prayed. It's narrated in Muslim that many years later, ibn Umar asked Bilal, "Where did the Prophet PBUH pray?" when he went inside the Ka'bah. So ibn Umar prayed in those same places. And of course praying inside the Ka'bah is an established sunnah - a sunnah rare in our times since the Ka'bah is locked up. If somehow we are blessed to pray in the Ka'bah, from the narrations of Bilal RA we learn to pray facing any of the walls. The Prophet PBUH began with the wall opposite the door.

 

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Custodianship of the Key of Ka'bah

When the Prophet PBUH came back out and he still had the keys in his hands, Ali RA says to him, "Why don't you make the siqaya and the hijaba together and put it to us?" Meaning, 'why don't you combine the care of the Ka'bah and the feeding of the pilgrims to the Banu Hashim?' Of course Ali RA wants the honor of both taking care of the pilgrims and the key of the Ka'bah for his tribe. The Prophet PBUH did not answer, rather he said, "Where is Uthman ibn Talha?" He is from the Banu Abd Dar. So was brought immediately and the Prophet PBUH said, "Take your keys ya Uthman, today is the day of fulfilling the promises and giving back what is due." Allah had revealed before, "Return the amanah (trusts) to the people who deserve it." Scholars interpret this verse to be applicable here. And the Prophet PBUH gave the keys back to Uthman ibn Talha, and since that time up until now, never in the history of our religion has anyone dared to take it away from the descendants of Uthman to this day. You can see on YouTube an interview of the descendant of Uthman to this day. So the key is still in the tribe of the Banu Abd Dar.

 

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Conditional Permission for the Khuza'a to Retaliate

Recall, what allowed the Prophet PBUH to conquer Makkah? One of the allies of the Quraysh attacked one of the allies of the Muslims: The Khuza'a were attacked by the Banu Bakr. The Prophet PBUH had not forgotten this, so he allowed the Khuza'a to attack the Banu Bakr as a retaliation. He allowed them to engage in a minor skirmish and he said, "You have until Asr and only Asr." So they only had a few hours and it was in the heat of the sun. This was intentionally done to finish the matter quickly. So after Asr, the Prophet PBUH forbade them completely and said, "There shall be no more fighting or bloodshed; the haram has been returned to the sanctity it had." It so happened on the next day one of the people of the Khuza'a killed one of the people from the Banu Bakr. And the Prophet PBUH became extremely angry and he gave a khutbah and said, "The one who does it, it shall be permissible for the family to extract qisas." And he said, "If anyone tells you the Prophet PBUH himself fought and shed blood in the Ka'bah, you say to him (and this is a hadith), 'Allah has allowed the Prophet PBUH and he didn't allow you. And Allah only allowed him for some time of the day' and it has now returned to its sanctity."

 

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The Conquest of Makkah Was Very Unique

 

The conquest of Makkah was very unique in that:

- no war booty was taken
- no prisoners of war were taken
- no land was taken

There was no actual battle; it was something Allah blessed the Prophet PBUH with without all these things because of the sacredness of the Haram.

 

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Those Who Were Not Granted Amnesty

As we said, the Prophet PBUH mentioned a list of people to the sahaba who were not given amnesty. The Prophet PBUH said, "Everyone should be spared except for a few people." How many were there? Al-Waqidi says six: Two women and four men. Ibn Ishaq gives names al-Waqidi does not give. The earliest book mention 6, 7 and some even 9. So between 6 and 9. From a city of 2000+ less than a dozen were mentioned by name, and for these people the Muslims were told, "You may kill them where you find them." And even in this list, still half of them were forgiven. Who were these people?

1) Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahal - the son of the pharaoh of this ummah. He was eventually spared and he has a very interesting story. When Makkah was conquered he was the one trying to fight. When he lost he fled immediately and he fled to Jeddah and then took the ship to Abyssinia. On the way to Abyssinia, a storm overtakes the ship. And the captain of the ship says, "We don't have the power to withstand the storm. For sure we will drown so now is the time to make du'a to Allah for wallahi you and I both know our gods will not help us now." Even though the captain is a pagan he is admitting only Allah can help now. Subhan'Allah he's basically saying, "Let's cut the crap now we both know only the One Allah can help us now, these idols won't do nothing for us." Ikrimah says, and he's narrating in the first person: "that was when it struck me." Imagine, the son of the pharaoh of the ummah - Allah intended good for him. He was the number one of the list and he deserves to be there, but Allah has another plan.

So on the ship after 20 years of fighting Islam, he said, "It occurred to me then if our Gods will not help us when we need them, why should we worship them when we don't need them?" It's simple common sense. So he realized after all Islam is the truth which shows us again and again, many of these people (Abu Sufyan etc.) genuinely believed these Gods were living beings that could hear, obey and listen. So finally he says, "O Allah, I promise you if you save me I will accept Islam, and I will go to the Prophet PBUH, put my hand in his hand and I will find him to be merciful." And Allah saved him. He immediately went back to Makkah, wrapped his face in a turban to hide himself, and he made his way through the camp until he stood in front of the Prophet PBUH. And he uncovered himself and said the kalimah, and then he gave this whole story. And the Prophet PBUH forgave him and accepted his Islam. And Ikrimah died a shaheed fighting against the Romans showing his sincerity.

2) Abdullah ibn Khatal - he had converted to Islam, came to Madinah and performed the Hijrah, the Prophet PBUH sent him on an expedition with another sahabi, and on the way there ibn Khatal murdered the sahabi, took his stuff and fled back to Makkah and became a murtad. Not only this, he purchased two slave girls known for their poetry and told them to write poetry against the Prophet PBUH and the Muslims. In those days this was the height of propaganda. So this is ibn Khatal (note some books say ibn Akhtal). And ibn Akhtal/Khatal had a very harsh execution. He fled to the haram itself and jumped on the doors of the Ka'bah when the army was coming in and the Prophet PBUH is still outside. And he begged for forgiveness using the honor of the Ka'bah. And he took the curtain of the Ka'bah and put it around himself i.e. he is using the height of sanctity to protect himself. When the sahaba saw this, even they felt, "This is too much," so they sent an emissary to the Prophet PBUH telling him ibn Khatal is protecting himself with the curtains of the Ka'bah. But the Prophet PBUH said, "Kill him," so he was executed then and there.

3) Miqyas ibn Subaba - he too pretended to be a Muslim only to exact a revenge killing. One of the sahaba had killed his brother in the days of Jahiliyyah so he wanted to get revenge; he pretended to be a Muslim, entered Madinah, assassinated the sahabi and returned to Makkah. So he too was executed.

4) One of the most interesting stories is Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh. He accepted Islam, emigrated to Madinah and he was one of the few who began writing for the Prophet PBUH as a scribe. Eventually he became murtad and he returned back to Makkah and he started fabricating lies against the Prophet PBUH that the Quran was from his dictation. This story is used a lot by orientalists. And he would say, "I would change the Quran" but of course this is just a lie. And he would say, "I would write different to what the Prophet PBUH narrated." So he became murtad and returned to Makkah. So, what happened was he was the foster brother of Uthman ibn Affan, so when the army entered Makkah, Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh got to Uthman and begged for forgiveness. So Uthman hid him until Makkah was conquered and things calmed down.

After a few days Uthman brings him to the Prophet PBUH. And he begs for forgiveness and asks to be pardoned. He is standing in front of the Prophet PBUH and all the sahaba are around. The Prophet PBUH does not say anything. Complete deafening silence. The silence become so thick and dense, and after a long pause the Prophet PBUH says, "Okay, accepted." The Prophet PBUH then turns to the sahaba and said, "Weren't any of you wise enough to understand why I didn't say yes? Why didn't you execute him?" Meaning the initial command was to execute, so why didn't you do it? One of the Ansar said, "Ya Rasulullah why didn't you motion with your eyes?" The Prophet PBUH said, "It is not befitting that a prophet of Allah give signal with his eyes to kill someone." But subhan'Allah, this man - when he repented he truly repented. And eventually his Islam became very strong so much so Umar RA appointed him to be the governor of Egypt. And he lived a righteous life and died a beautiful death. And again it shows us the Prophet PBUH is indeed the best human but he is not Allah and Allah had a different plan. No doubt he deserved to be executed, but Allah had something else planned.

5&6) Also on the list were the two women who had written the poetry, Fartana and Sarah. And of these two, Fartana was executed, Sarah eventually fled and was forgiven.

So we've discussed 6 people so far - 3 people were spared, 3 were executed. We'll discuss 3 more people to total 9 - out of these 3, only 1 will be killed and 2 spared. So only 4 will be killed out of 2000+.

7) al-Huwayrith ibn al-Nuqaydh - he did something similar to Habbar to the younger daughters of the Prophet PBUH. When the Prophet PBUH emigrated, obviously his daughters stayed in Makkah and he entrusted Abbas to bring them safely to Makkah. So Fatima and Ummi Kulthum were being taken by Abbas. But Huwayrith refused to let them go; threatened them, both girls fell off their horses and received some harm. So he was executed, and it was Ali RA who executed him which is justice.

8) Habbar ibn al-Aswad - the founder and forefather of the Habbari Dynasty of India. Habbar was the one who refused to allow Zaynab, the daughter of the Prophet PBUH, to emigrate to Madinah. Recall in Badr, Zaynab's husband was captured and the Prophet PBUH made an agreement to set him free if he sent Zaynab back. So he followed up but he foolishly sent Zaynab back in broad daylight in the public. When the Quraysh saw this they said, "How dare we return the daughter of Muhammad to him?" And they surround Zaynab's camel and Habbar was the one who took his spear and shoved it at the camel. It jostled back and she fell off, and at this she had a miscarriage. Eventually he repents and he is forgiven.

9) Wahshi - the murderer of Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib. And Wahshi knew he would not be spared so as soon as Makkah was conquered he fled to Ta'if. And he only converted when the people of Ta'if converted i.e. 1.5 years later (after Hunayn). Wahshi was a member of the delegation sent from Ta'if to Madinah - we've already discussed his story in detail before. The Prophet PBUH asked Wahshi to tell him the story of how he killed Hamzah in detail and Wahshi told him everything. This is back in Madinah a year plus after the conquest of Makkah. And it's said the Prophet PBUH was crying when he heard this. After, the Prophet PBUH said to Wahshi, "I have forgiven you but don't show me your face." What a punishment. So Wahshi as long as the Prophet PBUH lived, what a punishment, he could not be in the same area as the Prophet PBUH. And even after, he was guilty of drinking etc. and Umar RA said, "I knew that Allah would not spare the killer of Hamzah." Of course he was at the end of the day a sahabi but the sahaba are at levels. Not all of them are on the level of Umar and Abu Bakr RA. And Wahshi is definitely not - he converted right at the end, so even if he is forgiven there are taints in his Islam.

So the full list of people is 9. Of this, only 4 are actually killed and 5 are spared. So even in the exceptions, half are forgiven other than 4 people at max being killed. Note at this moment in time the Prophet PBUH is still in Makkah standing at the foot of the Ka'bah.

080 - The Conquest of Makkah Part 5